中世纪欧洲建城堡的目的,意义,及重要性,只要英文的

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中世纪欧洲建城堡的目的,意义,及重要性,只要英文的
导读:Military, was born from the castle, to the prosperity has been the demise of the main line running through the castle's

Military, was born from the castle, to the prosperity has been the demise of the main line running through the castle's development has always been The birth of the castle, from which its political environment, in general, the castle is a political division, a product of the separatist forces Such as the Middle Ages in Europe, as the fief of the implementation of the system, making the ownership of land was distributed among the nobility that, in the hands of the Cavaliers, politically divided and the Empire, the Kingdom, Monaco, Knight territory, and so diverse, large and small feudal political entities Everywhere No one has a clear border between them, and no one can fully sort out a clear link between them The level of the feudal aristocracy among various reasons, often caused by the outbreak of war, they always prepare, often taking part in the war All of the aristocracy are the equivalent of high-ranking military officers and their client will constitute its own officers and men at all levels It is these all over Europe every corner of the size of the war, making the castle to highlight the role of defense For example in Germany, only the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, the existing ancient castle have 15,000 fully reflected Germany's medieval feudal state torn apartAnother war in the Middle Ages and the technical concept of war has also decided to war in the Middle Ages is a defensive war, at the time, the castle is the most reliable way of defense, the Rangers quickly enough to ward off attacks, will be the surprise-Su Juezhan into a war of attrition As a result lords are widely repair the castle in order to ensure that their estate and property shall be inviolable

So the castle is to protect the personal property of the Territory and the birth of the defensive architecture Castle of the role of the military, has been around a castle In general, the authority's view that it is of the view that the castle is a major development during the 9th century AD from the mound - the castle wall-14th century to the emergence of gunpowder weapons and the emergence of a period of time, it was also a period of time in the Middle Ages military experts known as the "castle period "

the Lords Spiritual and Temporal:贵族精神与时间

temporal ['tɛmpərəl]

n 世间万物;暂存的事物

adj 暂时的;当时的;现世的

n (Temporal)人名;(法)唐波拉尔

例句:

Finally we'll take a brief glance into our temporal vortex and see how file systemsmight change in the future

最后我们将会拿简短的一瞥进入我们的当时旋涡而且见到,未来,文件系统可能如何变。

spiritual ['spɪrɪtʃʊəl]

n 圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的)

adj 精神的,心灵的

例句:

His spiritual depression came to an end when she kissed him

她的亲吻扫除了他精神上的苦闷。

古堡仿佛荒芜已久。屋顶草木丛生,似乎受不了这样的重压而弯下来。墙壁虽然是用当地丰产的结实的片岩石块筑成的,然而却有无数裂缝,使常春藤得以在上面挂钩。两座房屋连成直角,当中夹着一个高高的塔楼,面对着池塘,这就是整个古堡。门同百叶窗因腐烂而松脱,栏杆全生了锈,窗户破烂不堪,似乎风暴一来就要一一脱落。当时北风在这些废墟上呜呜地刮着,在朦胧的月光照射下,古堡象一个庞大的鬼怪。

([法)巴尔扎克:《舒昂党人》第160页)

古堡连同四周的城墙、城壕,以前就是一个独立的城,如今也自成一区,保持古城的风貌:进去要走古老的城门,出来要过三座桥,桥下是两条大河的支流。有些地方,城垣露出坚固厚实的墙基,现在上面都盖了屋子。塔的地位比古堡还要高,等于守卫古堡的炮台。城市环绕在这两个要塞四周,所以要做伊苏屯的主人,塔和古堡必须一齐占领,光是拿下古堡还控制不了塔。

([法]巴尔扎克:《搅水女人》第101页)

堡寨从来没有被人用来防御重大的袭击,城墙的基脚也只有五六尺厚,护楼也只有突出壁外的那一点儿建筑。可见它建筑的年代已经在封建战争快结束的时候了。……这是一所相当漂亮的堡寨,一个长方形的建筑,每一层只有一个大房间,四角的护楼里面是一间间的小屋子,后面一座护楼,保护着那唯一的楼梯。一所小小的礼拜堂,因毗连古老的房屋的倒坍,已经变成孤零零的了,城壕已经有一部分被淤塞住了,周围的护炮楼一半也已经倒坍了,从前的堡寨北面的那片池塘,已经成了一个漂亮的斜长的草原,中间荡漾出一泓小小的泉水。

([法]乔治·桑:《安吉堡的磨工》第59页)

观察者的左手是一带败壁残垣,许多地方已经倒坍了,有些地方还有粗糙而厚重的残壁巍然俯临河岸。参差而尖锐的石头上挂了一大团一大团的海藻,在一阵阵的风里颤抖,还有绿色的常舂藤悲哀地绕着黑色的,倒坍的雉堞。在这后面耸立着古堡,它的塔没有了顶,它的厚墙倒了,但是骄傲地告诉我们它的昔日的威风和力量,在七百年以前,它里面响着武器的铿锵声,或者回荡着宴会和闹酒的喧声。

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